Preface
Robert Snyder
p. 1121

Introduction: Personal Reflections on 50 Years of Study of Benzene Toxicology
Dennis V. Parke
p. 1123

Exposure Assessment

Environmental Exposure to Benzene: An Update
Lance Wallace
p. 1129

Geographical Distribution of Benzene in Air in Northwestern Italy and Personal Exposure
Giorgio Gilli, Enzo Scursatone, and Roberto Bono
p. 1137

Biomarkers of Environmental Benzene Exposure
C. Weisel, R. Yu, A. Roy, and P. Georgopoulos
p. 1141

S-Phenylcysteine in Albumin as a Benzene Biomarker
William E. Bechtold and Michael R. Strunk
p. 1147

Suitability of S-Phenyl Mercapturic Acid and trans-trans-Muconic Acid as Biomarkers for Exposure to Low Concentrations of Benzene
Pieter J. Boogaard and Nico J. van Sittert
p. 1151

Phenylguanine Found in Urine after Benzene Exposure
K.H. Norpoth, G. MŸller, C. Schell, and E. Jorg
p. 1159

Benzene Metabolism

An Overview of Benzene Metabolism
Robert Snyder and Christine C. Hedli
p. 1165

Species Differences in the Metabolism of Benzene
Rogene F. Henderson
p. 1173

Cell-specific Activation and Detoxification of Benzene Metabolites in Mouse and Human Bone Marrow: Identification of Target Cells and a Potential Role for Modulation of Apoptosis in Benzene Toxicity
David Ross, David Siegel, Diane G. Schattenberg, Xiaoming M. Sun, and Julie L. Moran
p. 1177

Phase II Metabolism of Benzene
Dieter Schrenk, Achim Orzechowski, Leslie R. Schwarz, Robert Snyder, Brian Burchell, Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg, and
Karl Walter Bock
p. 1183

Impact of Benzene Related Biological Reactive Intermediates

Investigation of the DNA Adducts Formed in B6C3F1 Mice Treated with Benzene: Implications for Molecular Dosimetry
William J. Bodell, Deena N. Pathak, Gyšrgy LŽvay, Qiuping Ye, and Krisztina Pongracz
p. 1189

Reactive Ring-opened Aldehyde Metabolites in Benzene Hematotoxicity
Gisela Witz, Zhihua Zhang, and Bernard D. Goldstein
p. 1195

Chemistry of Muconaldehydes of Possible Relevance to the Toxicology of Benzene
Christine Bleasdale, Gordon Kennedy, James O. MacGregor, Jens Nieschalk, Kirsty Pearce, William P. Watson, and Bernard T. Golding
p. 1201

Cytochromes P450 in Benzene Metabolism and Involvement of Their Metabolites and Reactive Oxygen Species in Toxicity
I. Gut, V. Nedelcheva, P. Soucek, P. Stopka, and B. Tichavsk‡
p. 1211

The Mechanism of Benzene-induced Leukemia: A Hypothesis and Speculations on the Causes of Leukemia
Martyn T. Smith
p. 1219

Analysis of Target Cell Susceptibility as a Basis for the Development of a Chemoprotective Strategy against Benzene-induced Hematotoxicities
Michael A. Trush, Lorraine E. Twerdok, Stephen J. Rembish, Hong Zhu, and Yunbo Li
p. 1227

The Use of Protein Adducts to Investigate the Disposition of Reactive Metabolites of Benzene
S.M. Rappaport, T.A. McDonald, and K. Yeowell-O'Connell
p. 1235

Benzene Toxicity and Leukemogenesis

The Process of Leukemogenesis
Richard D. Irons and Wayne S. Stillman
p. 1239

Impact of Benzene Metabolites on Differentiation of Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells
Richard D. Irons and Wayne S. Stillman
p. 1247

p -Benzoquinone, a Reactive Metabolite of Benzene, Prevents the Processing of Pre-interleukins-1 alpha and -1§ to Active Cytokines by Inhibition of the Processing Enzymes, Calpain, and Interleukin-1§ Converting Enzyme
George F. Kalf, John F. Renz, and Rodica Niculescu
p. 1251

Induction of Granulocytic Differentiation in a Mouse Model by Benzene and Hydroquinone
Betsy A. Hazel, Annette O'Connor, Rodica Niculescu, and George F. Kalf
p. 1257

Inhibition of Human DNA Topoisomerase II by Hydroquinone and p -Benzoquinone, Reactive Metabolites of Benzene
Anna M. Hutt and George F. Kalf
p. 1265

Hydroquinone Stimulates Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor Cells in Vitro and in Vivo
R. Henschler, H.R. Glatt, and C.M. Heyworth
p. 1271

Effects of Low Concentrations of Benzene on Mouse Hematopoietic Cells in Vivo: A Preliminary Report
Georgia M. Farris, Simon N. Robinson, Kevin W. Gaido, Brian A. Wong, Victoria A. Wong, Linda Leonard, and Rekha Shah
p. 1275

Hematopoietic Effects of Benzene Inhalation Assessed by Long-term Bone Marrow Culture
Nadar G. Abraham
p. 1277

Role of Nitric Oxide in Hematosuppression and Benzene-induced Toxicity
Debra L. Laskin, Diane E. Heck, Chitra J. Punjabi, and Jeffrey D. Laskin
p. 1283

Carcinogenic Potential of Benzene and Toluene When Evaluated Using Cyclin-dependent Kinase Activation and p53-DNA Binding
Craig Dees, Minoo Askari, and Don Henley
p. 1289

Modeling Marrow Damage from Response Data: Evolution from Radiation Biology to Benzene Toxicity
Troyce D. Jones, Max D. Morris, and Jafar S. Hasan
p. 1293

Chromosomal and Genetic Damage

Myeloid Leukemia after Hematotoxins
Richard A. Larson, Michelle M. LeBeau, James W. Vardiman, and Janet D. Rowley
p. 1303

Benzene-induced Chromosome Aberrations: A Follow-up Study
Alessandra Forni
p. 1309

Cytogenetic Findings on Shoe Workers Exposed Long-term to Benzene
Berrin TŸrkel Tunca and †nal Egeli
p. 1313

Inhibition of Human Topoisomerase II in Vitro by Bioactive Benzene Metabolites
Christopher E. Frantz, Hongwei Chen, and David A. Eastmond
p. 1319

Interphase Cytogenetics of Workers Exposed to Benzene
Luoping Zhang, Nathaniel Rothman, Yunxia Wang, Richard B. Hayes, William Bechtold, Pravina Venkatesh, Songnian Yin, Yaozhu Wang, Mustafa Dosemeci, Guilan Li, Wei Lu, and Martyn T. Smith
p. 1325

Benzene Induces a Dose-responsive Increase in the Frequency of Micronucleated Cells in Rat Zymbal Glands
Frank A. Angelosanto, Gary R. Blackburn, Ceinwen A. Schreiner, and Carl R. Mackerer
p. 1331

Tissue Distribution of DNA Adducts and Their Persistence in Blood of Mice Exposed to Benzene
Guilan Li, Chunguang Wang, Weidong Xin, and Songnian Yin
p. 1337

Recent Studies of Human Exposure to Benzene in China and Europe

An Expanded Cohort Study of Cancer Among Benzene-exposed Workers in China
Song-Nian Yin, Richard B. Hayes, Martha S. Linet, Gui-Lan Li, Mustafa Dosemeci, Lois B. Travis, Zhi-Nan Zhang, De-Gao Li, Wong-Ho Chow, Sholom Wacholder, William J. Blot, and The Benzene Study Group
p. 1339

Indirect Validation of Benzene Exposure Assessment by Association with Benzene Poisoning
M. Dosemeci, S-N. Yin, M. Linet, S. Wacholder, N. Rothman, G-L. Li, W-H. Chow, Y-Z. Wang, Z-L. Jiang, T-R. Dai, W-U. Zhang, X-J. Chao, P-Z. Ye, Q-R. Kou, Y-H. Fan, X-C. Zhang, X-F. Lin, J-F. Meng, J-S. Zho, W.J. Blot, and R.B. Hayes
p. 1343

Mortality among Benzene-exposed Workers in China
Richard B. Hayes, Song Nian Yin, Mustafa Dosemeci, Gui Lan Li, Sholom Wacholder, Wong Ho Chow, Nathaniel Rothman, Yao Zu Wang, Tan Rong Dai, Xin-Jie Chao, Zhong Lian Jiang, Pei-Zheng Ye, Hong Bin Zhao, Qing Rui Kou, Wan You Zhang, Juan Fei Meng, Jie Sheng Zho, Xia Fang Lin, Cheng Yu Ding, Chin Yang Li, Zhi-Nan Zhang, De Gao Li, Lois B. Travis, William J. Blot, and Martha S. Linet
p. 1349

Clinical Features of Hematopoietic Malignancies and Related Disorders among Benzene-exposed Workers in China
Martha S. Linet, Song-Nian Yin, Lois B. Travis, Chin-Yang Li, Zhi-Nan Zhang, De-Gao Li, Nathaniel Rothman, Gui-Lan Li, Wong-Ho Chow, Jennifer Donaldson, Mustafa Dosemeci, Sholom Wacholder, William J. Blot, Richard B. Hayes, and The Benzene Study Group
p. 1353

An Epidemiologic Study of Early Biologic Effects of Benzene in Chinese Workers
Nathaniel Rothman, Martyn T. Smith, Richard B. Hayes, Gui-Lin Li, Richard D. Irons, Mustafa Dosemeci, Robert Haas, Wayne S. Stillman, Martha Linet, Li-qiang Xi, William E. Bechtold, Joseph Wiemels, Sharan Campleman, Luoping Zhang, Penelope J.E. Quintana, Nina Titenko-Holland, Yao-Zu Wang, Wei Lu, Prema Kolachana, Kathleen B. Meyer, and Songnian Yin
p. 1365

Benzene Exposure in the Petroleum Distribution Industry Associated with Leukemia in the United Kingdom: Overview of the Methodology of a Case-Control Study
Lesley Rushton
p. 1371

The Relationship between Low-level Benzene Exposure and Leukemia in Canadian Petroleum Distribution Workers
A. Robert Schnatter, Thomas W. Armstrong, Lorrie S. Thompson, Mark J. Nicolich, Arnold M. Katz, Wendy W. Huebner, and Eileen D. Pearlman
p. 1375

Leukemia Mortality by Cell Type in Petroleum Workers with Potential Exposure to Benzene
Gerhard K. Raabe and Otto Wong
p. 1381

Does Benzene Cause Multiple Myeloma? An Analysis of the Published Case-Control Literature
Shewit Bezabeh, Arnold Engel, Carolyn B. Morris, and Steven H. Lamm
p. 1393

Pharmacokinetics and Modeling

Mechanistic Considerations in Benzene Physiological Model Development
Michele A. Medinsky, Elaina M. Kenyon, Mark J. Seaton, and Paul M. Schlosser
p. 1399

Population Toxicokinetics of Benzene
FrŽdŽric Yves Bois, Elise T. Jackson, Kaija Pekari, and Martyn T. Smith
p. 1405

Reassessing Benzene Risks Using Internal Doses and Monte-Carlo Uncertainty Analysis
Louis Anthony Cox Jr.
p. 1413

Benzene Risk Assessment

Leukemia Risk Associated with Benzene Exposure in the Pliofilm Cohort
Mary Burr Paxton
p. 1431

Risk of Benzene-induced Leukemia Predicted from the Pliofilm Cohort
Kenny S. Crump
p. 1437

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