Introduction

Thomas J. Goehl
p. 3

Endocrine Disruption

• Environmental Signaling: A Biological Context for Endocrine Disruption
  Ann Oliver Cheek, Peter M. Vonier, Eva Oberdörster, Bridgette Collins Burow, and John A. McLachlan
  p. 5

  Environmental Endocrine Disruption: An Effects Assessment and Analysis
  Thomas M. Crisp, Eric D. Clegg, Ralph L. Cooper, William P. Wood, David G. Anderson, Karl P. Baetcke, Jennifer L. Hoffmann, Melba S. Morrow, Donald J. Rodier, John E. Schaeffer, Leslie W. Touart, Maurice G. Zeeman, and Yogendra M. Patel
  p. 11

Transgenic Animals

• Validation of Transgenic Mice Carrying the Human Prototype c-Ha-ras Gene as a Bioassay Model for Rapid Carcinogenicity Testing
  Satoshi Yamamoto, Koji Urano, Haruko Koizumi, Shigeharu Wakana, Kyoji Hioki, Kunitoshi Mitsumori, Yuji Kurokawa, Yuzo Hayashi, and Tatsuji Nomura
  p. 57

• In Vivo Transgenic Bioassays and Assessment of the Carcinogenic Potential of Pharmaceuticals
  Joseph F. Contrera and Joseph J. DeGeorge
  p. 71

  The U.S. National Toxicology Program Evaluation of Transgenic Mice as Predictive Models for Identifying Carcinogens
  William C. Eastin
  p. 81

Disease Models

• Integrated Defense System Overlaps as a Disease Model: With Examples for Multiple Chemical Sensitivity
  Steven C. Rowat
  p. 85

• Rodent Models of Cardiopulmonary Disease: Their Potential Applicability in Studies of Air Pollutant Susceptibility
  Urmila P. Kodavanti, Daniel L. Costa, and Philip A. Bromberg
  p. 111

  In Vitro Techniques for the Assessment of Neurotoxicity
  G. Jean Harry, Melvin Billingsley, Arend Bruinink, Iain L. Campbell, Werner Classen, David C. Dorman, Corrado Galli, David Ray, Robert A. Smith, and Hugh A. Tilson
  p. 131

Chemical Toxicology

• Selected New Developments in Asbestos Immunotoxicity
  Gary J. Rosenthal, Emanuela Corsini, and Petia Simeonova
  p. 159

• Stepping Backward to Improve Assessment of PCB Congener Toxicities
  Larry G. Hansen
  p. 171

  Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl: Health Risk Uncertainties and Research Directions
  J. Michael Davis
  p. 191

Confounders of Toxicity

• Effects of Micronutrients on Metal Toxicity
  Marjorie A. Peraza, Felix Ayala-Fierro, David S. Barber, Elizabeth Casarez, and Leonard T. Rael
  p. 203

• Soil Is an Important Pathway of Human Lead Exposure
  Howard W. Mielke and Patrick L. Reagan
  p. 217

  Effect of Glutathione S-transferase M1 Polymorphisms on Biomarkers of Exposure and Effects
  Radim J. rám
  p. 231

Global Environmental Issues

• Health Impacts of Climate Change and Ozone Depletion: An Ecoepidemiologic Modeling Approach
  W.J.M. Martens
  p. 241

  Solvent Replacement for Green Processing
  Julie Sherman, Bain Chin, Paul D.T. Huibers, Ricard Garcia-Valls, and T. Alan Hatton
  p. 253

Introduction

Edward J. Calabrese
p. 275

Molecular and Biochemical Processes Including Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms

• The Adaptive Response in Radiobiology: Evolving Insights and Implications
  Sheldon Wolff
  p. 277

• The Traditional Toxicologic Paradigm is Correct: Dose Influences Mechanism
  Jay I. Goodman
  p. 285

• The Role of Oxidative Stress in Chemical Carcinogenesis
  James E. Klaunig, Yong Xu, Jason S. Isenberg, Stephen Bachowski, Kyle L. Kolaja, Jiazhong Jiang, Donald E. Stevenson, and Earl F. Walborg Jr.
  p. 289

• Induction of Metallothionein as an Adaptive Mechanism Affecting the Magnitude and Progression of Toxicological Injury
  Curtis D. Klaassen and Jie Liu
  p. 297

• DNA-dependent Protein Kinase Does Not Play a Role in Adaptive Survival Responses to Ionizing Radiation
  Eric Odegaard, Chin-Rang Yang, and David A. Boothman
  p. 301

• Upregulation of Apoptosis with Dietary Restriction: Implications for Carcinogenesis and Aging
  S. Jill James, Levan Muskhelishvili, David W. Gaylor, Angelo Turturro, and Ronald Hart
  p. 307

• Caloric Restriction as a Mechanism Mediating Resistance to Environmental Disease
  Lynn T. Frame, Ronald W. Hart, and Julian E.A. Leakey
  p. 313

  Exercise-induced Stress Response as an Adaptive Tolerance Strategy
  Joan Smith Sonneborn and Scott A. Barbee
  p. 325

Implications of Biologically Based Adaptations for Dose-Response Modeling

• Hierarchical and Cybernetic Nature of Biologic Systems and Their Relevance to Homeostatic Adaptation to Low-level Exposures to Oxidative Stress-inducing Agents
  James E. Trosko
  p. 331

• Modeling to Incorporate Defense Mechanisms into the Estimation of Dose Responses
  Robert L. Sielken Jr. and Donald E. Stevenson
  p. 341

• The Use of Biochemical and Molecular Parameters to Estimate Dose-Response Relationships at Low Levels of Exposure
  Melvin E. Andersen and Hugh A. Barton
  p. 349

  Hormesis as a Biological Hypothesis
  Edward J. Calabrese and Linda A. Baldwin
  p. 357

How Regulatory/Public Health Agencies Consider the Biologic Effects of Low-level Exposures

• Commentary: Nonlinearity of Radiation Health Effects
  Myron Pollycove
  p. 363

• Public Health Implications of Environmental Exposures
  Christopher T. De Rosa, Hana R. Pohl, Malcolm Williams, Adedamola A. Ademoyero, C-H. Selene J. Chou, and Dennis E. Jones
  p. 369

• Commentary: Biological Effects of Low-level Exposures: A Perspective from U.S. EPA Scientists
  J. Michael Davis and William H. Farland
  p. 379

• Commentary: Low-level Exposures: Some Implications for the U.S. Department of Energy
  James R. Beall
  p. 383

• Commentary: Risk Assessment of Low-level Chemical Exposures from Consumer Products under the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Chronic Hazard Guidelines
  Michael A. Babich
  p. 387

  Commentary: U.S. Food and Drug Administration Perspective of the Inclusion of Effects of Low-level Exposures in Safety and Risk Assessment
  David W. Gaylor, P. Michael Bolger, and Bernard A. Schwetz
  p. 391